John Scofield，1951年12月26日出生于俄亥俄州，美国爵士吉他手、作曲家，被尊称为爵士吉他的三巨头之一。 　　26岁时推出了生平第一张个人专辑《Live》。代表作有《Talkin' Bout You/I Got A Woman》。 　　他的影响力不停的向前推进。他的创作力似乎源源不断，令人敬佩又觉得不可思议。John Scofield的吉他演奏节奏感很强，以爵士乐而言，节奏是重要的一个要素，甚至重于旋律，任何爵士乐手假若配合得当的话，那么他几乎可以演奏一切他想要表达的音乐概念。 　　早年经历 　　John Scofield成长于康乃狄克州的威尔顿镇，从小对音乐就非常有兴趣，11岁的时拥有第一把吉他。之后接触到Little Richard．Chuck Berry的摇滚蓝调音乐，进而是John Lee Hooker民谣蓝调（Folk Blues），B.B King、Otis Rush的都会蓝调（Urban Blues）的风格。当时，威尔顿镇的爵士乐并不盛行，优秀的爵士乐手自然就不多，其中有一位了解约翰之所好，并带领他走向爵士乐之门的人便是他的第一个吉他老师Alan Dean，Alan Dean常与他一起聆听Pat Martino的唱片，或开车到格林威治村去听吉他大师Jim Hall的演奏，在十五岁的时候，约翰便立志要成为一个真正的爵士吉他手，并开始朝这个方向努力。 　　凭着这股对爵士乐的爱好，约翰于1970年进入波士顿的Berklee音乐学院修习爵士乐，在此三年之中，一方面习爵士乐的理论及演奏技巧，课余之时，则到附近的俱乐部观摩一些优秀的乐手演出。结果，终于完成了CTI唱片公司的两张「卡内基音乐厅现场演奏」唱片。两个星期后，另一个机会又出现，那就是他取代了吉他手John Abercrombie的位置，加入由鼓手Billy Cobham所领导的Powerhouse乐团，此后的两年（1975-1977），他跟着Powerhouse到处旅行演出。 1977年，26岁的John推出了生平第一张个人专辑Live，这张作品集合了John之前的音乐影响，混合着bebop与蓝调摇滚（Blues-Rock）的风格。这次他带领他的核心四重奏(Steve Jordan鼓/Larry Goldings键盘/Willie Weeks贝司)，并邀请一群客串明星艺人，用他那独特的融合爵士风格演绎了13首Ray不那么著名的作品。 　　Biography 　　Scofield's family left Ohio and moved to Wilton, Connecticut, where he discovered his interest in music. Educated at the Berklee College of Music, Scofield left school to record with Chet Baker and Gerry Mulligan. He joined the Billy Cobham/George Duke Band soon after and spent two years playing, recording, and touring with them. He recorded with Charles Mingus in 1976 and replaced Pat Metheny in Gary Burton's quartet. 　　In 1976 Scofield signed with Enja, which released his first album, John Scofield, in 1977. He recorded with pianist Hal Galper on Rough House in 1978 and then on Galper's album Ivory Forest (1980), where he played a solo rendition of "Monk's Mood" by Thelonious Monk. In 1979 he formed a trio with his mentor Steve Swallow and Adam Nussbaum which, with drummer Bill Stewart replacing Nussbaum, became the signature group of Scofield's career. 　　In 1982, he joined Miles Davis, with whom he remained for three and a half years. He contributed tunes and guitar to three of Davis's albums, Star People, Decoy, and You're Under Arrest. After he left Davis, he released Electric Outlet (1984) and Still Warm (1985) 　　He started what is referred to as his Blue Matter Band, with Dennis Chambers on drums, Gary Grainger on bass, and Mitchel Forman, Robert Aries, or Jim Beard on keyboards. The band released the albums Blue Matter, Loud Jazz and Pick Hits Live. Marc Johnson formed Bass Desires with Peter Erskine, and Bill Frisell. This "most auspicious iring since John McLaughlin and Carlos Santana" recorded two albums, Bass Desires (1986) and Second Sight (1987). 　　Onstage in 2004 　　At the beginning of the 1990s, Scofield formed a quartet that included Joe Lovano with whom he recorded several albums for Blue Note. Time on My Hands (1990), with Joe Lovano, Charlie Haden, and Jack DeJohnette, showcased Scofield's guitar and Mingus-influenced writing. Bill Stewart became the group's drummer and played on Meant to Be (1991) and What We Do (1993). In 1992, Scofield released Grace Under Pressure, featuring guitarist Bill Frisell, with Charlie Haden on bass and Joey Baron on drums. Stewart rejoined Scofield and Steve Swallow for I Can See Your House from Here, a collaboration with Pat Metheny. 　　Near the end of his time with Blue Note, Scofield returned to a sound that included more funk and soul jazz.tation needed In 1994 and 1995, he formed a group with organist/pianist Larry Goldings, bassist Dennis Irwin, and alternately drummers, Bill Stewart and Idris Muhammad. The group toured extensively, and the albums Hand Jive and Groove Elation feature this funk/groove/soul-jazz dimension in Scofield's music with tenor saxophonist Eddie Harris, percussionist Don Alias, and trumpeter Randy Brecker. He recorded the 1997 album A Go Go with avant-garde jazz trio Medeski, Martin & Wood. 　　Also during this period he began to work with British composer Mark-Anthony Turnage. He appeared as a soloist on Turnage's Blood on the Floor: Elegy for Andy. They collaborated on Scorched, an album of Turnage's orchestrations of Scofield's compositions, largely from the Blue Matter period. John Patitucci and Peter Erskine performed at the live premiere of Scorched at the Alte Oper in Frankfurt in September 2002 with the Radio-Symphony-Orchestra Frankfurt and the hr-Bigband. The performance was recorded and released by Deutsche Grammophon. 　　Scofield released Überjam in 2002 and Up All Night in 2004, two albums on which he experimented with drum and bass. He recorded in Europe with the Bugge Wesseltoft New Conception of Jazz in 2001–2002 and 2006. In 2004 EnRoute: John Scofield Trio LIVE was released with Steve Swallow on bass and Bill Stewart on drums. It was recorded live at the Blue Note Jazz Club in New York City in December 2003. This was followed the next year by That's What I Say: John Scofield Plays the Music of Ray Charles. This led to performances with Mavis Staples, Gary Versace on organ, John Benitez on bass, and Steve Hass on drums. After sitting in for two engagements in December 2005 with Phil Lesh and Friends, Scofield has since played numerous shows with the band. 　　At the International Jazz Festival Enschede, 2007 　　On September 26, 2006 he released Out Louder, his second colloaboration with Medeski, Martin & Wood. The group, known collectively as MSMW, toured worldwide in 2006 and 2007. Scofield performed in a duo with John Medeski named The Johns and in a trio with Medeski and drummer Adam Deitch. He recorded music inspired by gospel on the 2009 album Piety Street with Jon Cleary and George Porter Jr. 　　On September 18, 2007 EmArcy released This Meets That, an album recorded with Steve Swallow, Bill Stewart, and a horn trio. In 2011 EmArcy released A Moment's Peace, recorded with pianist Larry Goldings, bassist Scott Colley, and drummer Brian Blade. Scofield's 2010 album 54 had its origin in the 1990s when Vince Mendoza asked him to play on his first album. As director of the Metropole Orchestra, Mendoza collaborated with Scofield on arrangements of Scofield's compositions that were performed by the orchestra. 　　Scofield has been an adjunct faculty member in the Jazz Department in the Steinhardt School of Education at New York University.