Red Garland（1923年-1984年），美国人， 生于达拉斯，原名William Garland，早年他曾吹过单簧管和中音萨克管，18岁才开始学钢琴，两年后就在费城的爵士乐俱乐部里做起了驻场钢琴师。在二战后的1946到1955年间，他积极参与纽约和费城两地的爵士乐演出。 　　Red Garland是美国人， 1923年生于达拉斯，1984年辞世。他原名叫William Garland，“Red”其实只是他的绰号。早年他曾吹过单簧管和中音萨克管，18岁才开始学钢琴，两年后就在费城的爵士乐俱乐部里做起了驻场钢琴师。在二战后的1946到1955年间，他积极参与纽约和费城两地的爵士乐演出，合作的对象包括“菜鸟”Charlie Parker、Miles Davis、Coleman Hawkins、“总统”Lester Young和Roy Eldrige等，后来就加入了Miles Davis的五重奏，他的个人声誉正是在与Miles合作期间建立起来的。和同时代的很多爵士钢琴手一样，Red Garland的演奏风格受到了Bud Powell、Ahmad Jamal甚至Nat King Cole的影响。在Miles乐团的时候，与他合作的节奏组乐手是低音提琴手Paul Chambers和鼓手Philly Jo Jones。在离开Miles乐团之后，Red Garland自己又先后组建过几支三重奏与五重奏，但是尤以与Paul Chambers及鼓手Arthur Taylor组成的三重奏广受好。 　　Early life 　　William "Red" Garland was born in 1923 in Dallas, Texas. He began his musical studies on the clarinet and alto saxophone but, in 1941, switched to the piano. Less than five years later, Garland joined the trumpet player Hot Lips Page, well-known in the southwest, playing with him until a tour ended in New York in March 1946. With Garland having decided to stay in New York to find work, Art Blakey came across Garland playing at a small club, only to return the next night with Blakey's boss, Billy Eckstine. 　　Garland also had a short-lived career as a welterweight boxer in the 1940s. He fought more than 35 fights, one being an exhibition bout with Sugar Ray Robinson. 　　Later life and career 　　1955–58 – Miles Davis Quintet 　　Garland became famous in 1954 when he joined the Miles Davis Quintet, featuring John Coltrane, Philly Joe Jones, and Paul Chambers. Davis was a fan of boxing and was impressed that Garland had boxed earlier in his life. Together, the group recorded their famous Prestige albums, Miles: The New Miles Davis Quintet (1954), Workin, Steamin', Cookin', and Relaxin'. Garland's style is prominent in these seminal recordings—evident in his distinctive chord voicings, his sophisticated accompaniment, and his musical references to Ahmad Jamal's style. Some observers dismissed Garland as a "cocktail" pianist, but Miles was pleased with his style, having urged Garland to absorb some of Jamal's lightness of touch and harmonics within his own approach. 　　Garland played on the first of Davis's many Columbia recordings, 'Round About Midnight (1957). Though he would continue playing with Miles, their relationship was beginning to deteriorate. By 1958, Garland and Jones had started to become more erratic in turning up for recordings and shows. He was eventually fired by Miles, but later returned to play on another jazz classic, Milestones. Davis was displeased when Garland quoted Davis's much earlier, and by then famous, solo from "Now's The Time" in block chords during the slower take of "Straight, No Chaser". Garland walked out of one of the sessions for Milestones, so that on the track "Sid's Ahead", Davis comped behind the saxophone solos. 　　1958–84 – After the Miles Davis Quintet 　　In 1958, Garland formed his own trio. Among the musicians the trio recorded with are Pepper Adams, Nat Adderley, Ray Barretto, Kenny Burrell, Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis, Jimmy Heath, Harold Land, Philly Joe Jones, Blue Mitchell, Ira Sullivan, and Leroy Vinnegar. The trio also recorded as a quintet with John Coltrane and Donald Byrd. Altogether, Garland led 19 recording sessions while at Prestige Records and 25 sessions for Fantasy Records. He stopped playing professionally for a number of years in the 1960s when the popularity of rock music coincided with a substantial drop in the popularity of jazz. 　　Garland eventually returned to his native Texas in the 1970s to care for his aged mother. He led a recording in 1977, named Crossings, which reunited him with Philly Joe Jones, and he teamed up with bassist Ron Carter. His later work tended to sound more modern and less polished than his better known recordings. He continued recording until his death from a heart attack on April 23, 1984 at the age of 60.