by Bruce Eder
Adelaide Hall is one of those forgotten singers, prominent between the two World Wars but overlooked in the years that followed. That she was one of the top Black singers of her era makes her lack of recognition or representation in the current record catalog especially frustrating, Its even more astonishing when one realizes that Hall was the vocalist on Duke Ellingtons original 1927 hit recording of Creole Love Call, introduced the song I Cant Give You Anything But Love to the world, and was second in popularity only to Josephine Baker in prewar Paris.
Adelaide Hall was born in Brooklyn, New York, sometime between 1895 and 1909 (many biographers presume that the year 1901 is most likely correct), the older of two daughters of William Hall and Elizabeth Gerard. William Hall taught piano at the Pratt Institute, and he started both daughters in music at an early age. Adelaide gravitated toward singing rather than the piano, however, and with her sister Evelyn formed a piano-vocal duet, performing at church and school events. The family was devastated by the death of Evelyn during the influenza epidemic of 1918 — by then her father had also passed on, and Hall turned her attention to supporting herself and her mother. Her first break came on Broadway in 1921 when she ws selected for the chorus of the revue Shuffle Along. In 1923, she was in the cast of the show Runnin Wild, and the following year she married a merchant seaman from Trinidad named Bert Hicks.
During late 1927, Hall found herself booked on the RKO-Keiths theater circuit for a series of shows on the same bill with Duke Ellington. It was during this engagement that she discovered a brand new Ellington tune called Creole Love Call, which became a celebrated collaboration between the two musical legends — they recorded it together, along with a handful of other tracks, in late October of 1927 for the Victor Record Company, and Creole Love Call went on to became a major Ellington first hit — his first-and Halls signature tune for decades.
A year later, Hall stepped into the shoes of leading lady Florence Mills, who had died suddenly, in the Blackbirds revue on Broadway and introduced the song I Cant Give You Anything But Love. She seemed unstoppable as the songs and the hits kept coming her way. A two-week engagement at the London Palladium (which was later extended elsewhere for the visit) in 1931 led to the beginning of a contractual relationship with the English Decca label, which resulted in recordings of eight new songs at the time and numerous records in the next dozen years.
Back in the USA, Hall was on tour when she encountered a young pianist named Art Tatum, who was recommended as a replacement by her own accompanist, Joe Turner, when he decided to move on. The two performed together for a short time, and managed to record as well.
Halls career mightve continued in the United States, but for a series of ugly incidents that ensued when, taking advantage of her success, she, her husband, and her mother moved to a home shed bought in Larchmont, New York. The upscale white community was unprepared to have a Black family in its midst and did its best to force them out legally — that having failed, the house was then set afire, and while it was saved, Hall was unwilling to risk the safety of her mother. She brought her back to New York City, but nothing was ever quite the same for Hall or her husband.
In the mid-30s, they moved to Paris, where she became an overnight sensation as a singer. The City of Lights made Hall into a star during its last great postwar flowering, when the likes of Django Reinhardt and Stephane Grappelli were just starting to build their joint legendary careers, Chevalier was in his prime, and Josephine Baker was the toast of the city. Hall and her husband even opened their own club, which was a success.
In 1938, she ran into difficulty when a young man claiming to be member of European nobility approached Hall and threatened to kill her and himself if she didnt agree to a romantic assignation. Rather than stay around to find out whether any part of what he said — even the royal title — was real, the couple lit out for London, availing themselves of an offer for Halls services from the legendary English theater producer Charles B. Cochran. Cochran, best remembered today for Rodgers & Harts Ever Green (the basis for the celebrated film Evergreen), had a knack for recognizing expatriate American talent, and had already given Black American choreographer Buddy Bradley a new start and a new, rich career in England. Cochran persuaded Hall to come to London to star in a show called The Sun Never Sets. Hall and her husband never looked back — it was off to London, where she made her home permanently. In less than a year, she and her husband had a club of their own in the city and were entertaining guests such as Fats Waller (an old friend of Halls from New York), with whom she also got to record.
Hall also got to appear in movies — not that Black performers didnt do movies in America, but they were usually limited to small specialty appearances in major films or else to starring roles in low-budget pictures aimed specifically at Black audiences. In England, the roles were more exotic. For Hall, screen immortality came on the cusp of World War II, when she was cast in 1939 as the nurse to the princess played by June Duprez in Alexander Kordas The Thief of Bagdad (1940); Hall had no dialogue in the Technicolor fantasy classic, starring Sabu and Conrad Veidt, but she got a chance to show her skills with operatic-style singing in a poignant performance of a lullaby written by Miklos Rozsa, sung in a garden while the princess and her ladies in waiting listened languidly.
The war turned millions of British lives around, including Halls. The club owned by Hall and her husband was destroyed by a direct hit during a German air raid, but fortunately for all concerned, Hall had cleared the building earlier in the evening, somehow anticipating that a tragedy was impending. As the war went on, she prepared personal welcomes for the American soldiers who were coming over in ever-increasing numbers, opening her own house on a regular basis, and she later joined the uniformed entertainment corps. Commissioned and dispatched to perform to troops, she built a new popularity among the Allied troops with her performances in combat zones that hadnt been in Allied hands at all long. She was performing in Germany before the nation had entirely been secured by the Allies.
After World War II, Hall returned to England and continued to perform and record. She also turned to some theatrical work, appearing in a West End production of Cole Porters Kiss Me, Kate — in 1957, she returned to the USA to work in the Broadway production of Jamaica, starring Lena Horne. Her husbands declining health took Hall out of performing, and it was years after his death in 1963 before she resumed working in public. By that time, she was doing straight acting roles with Helen Hayes, as well as readings of poetry and music alongside Peter OToole and Dame Sybil Thorndyke. She performed in cabaret in the 1970s, and cut new versions of her old classics with accompaniment by Humphrey Lyttelton, and cut a tribute album in memory of Duke Ellington.
Ironically, during the 1980s, Hall was in almost as much demand as shed been in the 1930s, as a result of the release of the movie The Cotton Club. The film raised interest in the actual history of the celebrated performing venue in Harlem, and Hall was among the very few survivors from the ranks of those whod performed there, and found herself in constant demand for interviews and even performances. By that time, however, she was in her eighties and her health was failing. Hall passed away in late 1993 after a short illness.
Adelaide Hall was a very influential stylist as a performer from 1920s into the mid-40s. Her early work, in particular, crossed over easily between jazz and pop without offending either camps sensibilities, and she introduced more than her share of hits and pop and jazz standards.
by Bruce Eder
Adelaide Hall is one of those forgotten singers, prominent between the two World Wars but overlooked in the years that followed. That she was one of the top Black singers of her era makes her lack of recognition or representation in the current record catalog especially frustrating, Its even more astonishing when one realizes that Hall was the vocalist on Duke Ellingtons original 1927 hit recording of Creole Love Call, introduced the song I Cant Give You Anything But Love to the world, and was second in popularity only to Josephine Baker in prewar Paris.
Adelaide Hall was born in Brooklyn, New York, sometime between 1895 and 1909 (many biographers presume that the year 1901 is most likely correct), the older of two daughters of William Hall and Elizabeth Gerard. William Hall taught piano at the Pratt Institute, and he started both daughters in music at an early age. Adelaide gravitated toward singing rather than the piano, however, and with her sister Evelyn formed a piano-vocal duet, performing at church and school events. The family was devastated by the death of Evelyn during the influenza epidemic of 1918 — by then her father had also passed on, and Hall turned her attention to supporting herself and her mother. Her first break came on Broadway in 1921 when she ws selected for the chorus of the revue Shuffle Along. In 1923, she was in the cast of the show Runnin Wild, and the following year she married a merchant seaman from Trinidad named Bert Hicks.
During late 1927, Hall found herself booked on the RKO-Keiths theater circuit for a series of shows on the same bill with Duke Ellington. It was during this engagement that she discovered a brand new Ellington tune called Creole Love Call, which became a celebrated collaboration between the two musical legends — they recorded it together, along with a handful of other tracks, in late October of 1927 for the Victor Record Company, and Creole Love Call went on to became a major Ellington first hit — his first-and Halls signature tune for decades.
A year later, Hall stepped into the shoes of leading lady Florence Mills, who had died suddenly, in the Blackbirds revue on Broadway and introduced the song I Cant Give You Anything But Love. She seemed unstoppable as the songs and the hits kept coming her way. A two-week engagement at the London Palladium (which was later extended elsewhere for the visit) in 1931 led to the beginning of a contractual relationship with the English Decca label, which resulted in recordings of eight new songs at the time and numerous records in the next dozen years.
Back in the USA, Hall was on tour when she encountered a young pianist named Art Tatum, who was recommended as a replacement by her own accompanist, Joe Turner, when he decided to move on. The two performed together for a short time, and managed to record as well.
Halls career mightve continued in the United States, but for a series of ugly incidents that ensued when, taking advantage of her success, she, her husband, and her mother moved to a home shed bought in Larchmont, New York. The upscale white community was unprepared to have a Black family in its midst and did its best to force them out legally — that having failed, the house was then set afire, and while it was saved, Hall was unwilling to risk the safety of her mother. She brought her back to New York City, but nothing was ever quite the same for Hall or her husband.
In the mid-30s, they moved to Paris, where she became an overnight sensation as a singer. The City of Lights made Hall into a star during its last great postwar flowering, when the likes of Django Reinhardt and Stephane Grappelli were just starting to build their joint legendary careers, Chevalier was in his prime, and Josephine Baker was the toast of the city. Hall and her husband even opened their own club, which was a success.
In 1938, she ran into difficulty when a young man claiming to be member of European nobility approached Hall and threatened to kill her and himself if she didnt agree to a romantic assignation. Rather than stay around to find out whether any part of what he said — even the royal title — was real, the couple lit out for London, availing themselves of an offer for Halls services from the legendary English theater producer Charles B. Cochran. Cochran, best remembered today for Rodgers & Harts Ever Green (the basis for the celebrated film Evergreen), had a knack for recognizing expatriate American talent, and had already given Black American choreographer Buddy Bradley a new start and a new, rich career in England. Cochran persuaded Hall to come to London to star in a show called The Sun Never Sets. Hall and her husband never looked back — it was off to London, where she made her home permanently. In less than a year, she and her husband had a club of their own in the city and were entertaining guests such as Fats Waller (an old friend of Halls from New York), with whom she also got to record.
Hall also got to appear in movies — not that Black performers didnt do movies in America, but they were usually limited to small specialty appearances in major films or else to starring roles in low-budget pictures aimed specifically at Black audiences. In England, the roles were more exotic. For Hall, screen immortality came on the cusp of World War II, when she was cast in 1939 as the nurse to the princess played by June Duprez in Alexander Kordas The Thief of Bagdad (1940); Hall had no dialogue in the Technicolor fantasy classic, starring Sabu and Conrad Veidt, but she got a chance to show her skills with operatic-style singing in a poignant performance of a lullaby written by Miklos Rozsa, sung in a garden while the princess and her ladies in waiting listened languidly.
The war turned millions of British lives around, including Halls. The club owned by Hall and her husband was destroyed by a direct hit during a German air raid, but fortunately for all concerned, Hall had cleared the building earlier in the evening, somehow anticipating that a tragedy was impending. As the war went on, she prepared personal welcomes for the American soldiers who were coming over in ever-increasing numbers, opening her own house on a regular basis, and she later joined the uniformed entertainment corps. Commissioned and dispatched to perform to troops, she built a new popularity among the Allied troops with her performances in combat zones that hadnt been in Allied hands at all long. She was performing in Germany before the nation had entirely been secured by the Allies.
After World War II, Hall returned to England and continued to perform and record. She also turned to some theatrical work, appearing in a West End production of Cole Porters Kiss Me, Kate — in 1957, she returned to the USA to work in the Broadway production of Jamaica, starring Lena Horne. Her husbands declining health took Hall out of performing, and it was years after his death in 1963 before she resumed working in public. By that time, she was doing straight acting roles with Helen Hayes, as well as readings of poetry and music alongside Peter OToole and Dame Sybil Thorndyke. She performed in cabaret in the 1970s, and cut new versions of her old classics with accompaniment by Humphrey Lyttelton, and cut a tribute album in memory of Duke Ellington.
Ironically, during the 1980s, Hall was in almost as much demand as shed been in the 1930s, as a result of the release of the movie The Cotton Club. The film raised interest in the actual history of the celebrated performing venue in Harlem, and Hall was among the very few survivors from the ranks of those whod performed there, and found herself in constant demand for interviews and even performances. By that time, however, she was in her eighties and her health was failing. Hall passed away in late 1993 after a short illness.
Adelaide Hall was a very influential stylist as a performer from 1920s into the mid-40s. Her early work, in particular, crossed over easily between jazz and pop without offending either camps sensibilities, and she introduced more than her share of hits and pop and jazz standards.
